home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
Text File | 1993-02-21 | 4.4 KB | 132 lines | [TEXT/EDIT] |
-
- Received: from iegbox.ucd.ie by salmon.maths.tcd.ie Via SMTP (FibreOptic)
- id aa12763; 29 Aug 92 3:27 BST
- Received: from IRLEARN.UCD.IE (MAILER@IRLEARN) by mailgate.ucd.ie (PMDF #12050)
- id <01GO52SB7W8W000M1W@mailgate.ucd.ie>; Sat, 29 Aug 1992 04:23 GMT
- Received: from IRLEARN by IRLEARN.UCD.IE (Mailer R2.08) with BSMTP id 3993;
- Sat, 29 Aug 92 03:22:54 GMT
- Date: Fri, 28 Aug 92 19:58:46 -0600
- From: "Michael D. Rhodes" <mrhodes@USAFA.AF.MIL>
- Subject: Re: Elem IG: túsa?
- Sender: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board <GAELIC-L@irlearn.ucd.ie>
- To: Multiple recipients of <GAELIC-L@irlearn.ucd.ie>
- Reply-to: GAELIC Language Bulletin Board <GAELIC-L@irlearn.ucd.ie>
- Message-id: <01GO52SB7W8W000M1W@mailgate.ucd.ie>
- X-Envelope-to: pwaldron@MATHS.TCD.IE, tim@MATHS.TCD.IE
- Status: RO
-
-
-
- John McCranie wrote:
-
- > Tá mé fiosrach -
-
- > Are there guidelines for when one uses the emphatic forms?
-
- > Mise, as opposed to mé, etc?
-
-
- I'll try to answer this to the best of my understanding. I elicit
- help from native speakers and anyone else who sees me making any
- mistakes in this.
-
- For clarity, I'll break the "emphatic" forms into the following
- catagories:
-
- 1. Emphatic pronouns (mise, tusa, seisean, etc.)
-
- 2. Emphatic suffixes (-se, -sa, -sean, -san, -ne, -na) which
- have three ways they are used:
-
- a. With possessive pronouns: mo bheansa, a chatsa
-
- b. With prepositional pronouns: Tá teach agamsa.
-
- c. With synthetic forms of the verb: Ach ní téimse.
-
- Let me address each of these catagories separately.
-
-
- EMPHATIC PRONOUNS
-
- The emphatic pronouns are as follows:
-
- Singular Plural
- 1. mise sinne
- 2. tusa sibhse
- 3. m. seisean (eisean) siadsan (iadsan)
- f. sise (ise)
-
- The third person pronoun forms (singular and plural) without "s"
- are used like the corresponding unemphatic forms without "s" primarily
- as the direct object of verbs (Chonaic mé é. - I saw him.) and with
- the copula ( Is é an fear é. - He is the man.) The emphatic pronouns
- are used, as their name indicates, to emphasize the pronoun. Let's look
- at some examples.
-
- Bhí mise ann. - _I_ was there.
- Is mise a dúirt é. - _I_ am the one who said it.
- Cé a rinne é? Mise. Who did it? _I_ did.
-
- Chuaigh siadsan go Corcaigh, ach d'fhan tusa abhaile. - _They_ went
- to Cork, but _you_ stayed home.
- Ná buail eisean, buail ise! - Don't hit _him_, hit _her_?
-
- EMPHATIC SUFFIXES
-
- The emphatic suffixes are as follows:
-
- Singular Plural
- 1. -se, -sa -ne, -na
- 2. -se, -sa -se, -sa
- 3. m. -sean, -san -sean, -san
- f. -se, -sa
-
- The slender endings are used after slender consonants and the broad
- endings with broad consanants. They are used in three situations.
-
- Use with possesive pronouns:
-
- Ná hól mo chuidse bainne, ól do chuidse! - Don't drink
- _my_ milk, drink your own!
- Is é mo mhacsa. - He is _my_ son.
- Tá siad ag obair ina bpáircsean. - They are working in
- _their_ field.
-
- Note that when an adjective modifies the noun, the suffix goes
- with the adjective rather than the noun.
-
- Fuair a leannaísean biseach on tinneas, ach fuair ár leanbh
- bochtna bás. - _Their_ children recovered from the
- sickness, but _our_ poor child died.
-
- Use with prepositional pronouns:
-
- Tá asal agatsa, ach tá capall agamsa. -_You_ have a donkey,
- but _I_ have a horse.
- Ba mhaith liomsa carr nua. - _I_ would like a new car.
- Tabhair domsa é! Give it to _me_!
-
- Use with synthetic verb forms (synthetic verb forms are those that
- conjugated for person and number, e.g. dúaim, thángadar, beimid,
- etc.):
-
- Ach táimse go maith. - But _I_ am well.
- Ceannaídís-sean é, más mian leo. - Let _them_ buy it, if
- the want.
- Rachaimidne leo. - _We_ will go with them.
- Beadsa ann leis. - _I'll_ be there also.
-
- I hope this clarifies the use of the emphatic forms in Irish.
-
- In preparing this I consulted the following books:
-
- _New Irish Grammar_, Christian Brothers.
-
- _Teach Yourself Irish_, Dillon & óCróinín.
-
- _Foclóir Gaeilge-Béarla_, Niall ó Dónaill.
-
- _Irish-English Dictionary_, Patrick Dinneen.
-
-